We had a great many horses, of which we gave Lewis and Clark what they needed, and they gave us guns and tobacco in return.
From Chief Joseph
All men were made by the Great Spirit Chief. They are all brothers.
It does not require many words to speak the truth.
I want the white people to understand my people.
The Indian race are waiting and praying.
I only ask of the government to be treated as all other men are treated.
We ask to be recognized as men.
I hope that no more groans of wounded men and women will ever go to the ear of the Great Spirit Chief above, and that all people may be one people.
I will obey every law, or submit to the penalty.
My people were divided about surrendering.
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