The development of the meaning attaching to the personal self, the conscious being, is the subject matter of the history of psychology.
From James Mark Baldwin
In the first place, Descartes stands for the most explicit and uncompromising dualism between mind and matter.
Pythagoras took the next important step by subordinating the mere matter of nature to its essential principle of form and order, identifying the latter with reason or the soul.
In Socrates' thought the two marks of individual self-consciousness appear; it is practical and it is social.
Plato stands for the union of truth and goodness in the supreme idea of God.
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