We know virtually all of the genes known to mammals. We do not know all of the combinations.
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We haven't been able yet to determine in terms of genes what makes a human being a human and not another mammal.
I have this idea of trying to catalog all the genes on the planet.
From a scientist's perspective, to understand everything that you need to know about human beings, you only have to tinker with all the mechanical parts of genes and the brain until there are no more secrets left.
We have 100 genes or so, which we know we can't knock out without killing the cell, that are of unknown structure.
We have 200 trillion cells, and the outcome of each of them is almost 100 percent genetically determined. And that's what our experiment with the first synthetic genome proves, at least in the case of really simple bacteria. It's the interactions of all those separate genetic units that give us the physiology that we see.
I think there's a lot of misunderstanding about genetic information and what you can and cannot learn.
The Human Genome Project has given us a genetic parts list.
Biology will relate every human gene to the genes of other animals and bacteria, to this great chain of being.
And of course, identifying all human genes and proteins will have great medical significance.
Before the Human Genome Project, most scientists assumed, based on our complex brains and behaviors, that humans must have around 100,000 genes; some estimates went as high as 150,000.
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